Inovação, produtividade, emprego e empreendorismo - novos estudos

Innovation and Productivity Bronwyn H. Hall NBER Working Paper No. 17178 Issued in June 2011

What do we know about the relationship between innovation and productivity among firms? The workhorse model of this relationship is presented and the implications of analysis using this model and the usually available data on product and process innovation are derived. The recent empirical evidence on the relationship between innovation and productivity in firms is then surveyed. The conclusion is that there are substantial positive impacts of product innovation on revenue productivity, but that the impact of process innovation is more ambiguous, suggesting some market power on the part of the firms being analyzed.

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Greg Linden
University of
California, Berkeley
Jason Dedrick, School
of Information Studies,
Syracuse University
Kenneth L. Kraemer,
University of
California, Irvine
Innovation and Job Creation
in a Global Economy:
The Case of Apple’s iPod
Abstract
Globalization skeptics argue that the benefits of globalization,
such as lower consumer prices, are outweighed by job losses,
lower earnings for U.S. workers, and a potential loss of technology
to foreign rivals. To shed light on the jobs issue, we analyze the
iPod, which is manufactured offshore using mostly foreign-made
components. In terms of headcount, we estimate that, in 2006, the
iPod supported nearly twice as many jobs offshore as in the United
States. Yet the total wages paid in the United States amounted to
more than twice as much as those paid overseas. Driving this result
is the fact that Apple keeps most of its research and development
(R&D) and corporate support functions in the United States, providing
thousands of high-paid professional and engineering jobs
that can be attributed to the success of the iPod. This case provides
evidence that innovation by a U.S. company at the head of a global
value chain can benefit both the company and U.S. workers.

A Spatially-related Note onEntrepreneurship and EconomicGrowth
Torben Klarl June 16, 2011
Abstract
A large and still growing body of literature suggests that entrepreneurship is of exceptional importance in explaining knowledge spillovers. Although quantifying the impact of entrepreneurial activity for economic growth is an interesting issue { particularly at the regional level { a concise formulation within
a theoretical growth model is still missing. This paper in general tries to un-
cover the link between own- and neighbour-related regional entrepreneurial
activity in innovation and regional growth within a spatial semi-endogenous
growth model in the spirit of Jones (1995) reecting recent empirical findings
on entrepreneurial activity for economic growth. The paper derives an explicit
solution for the transitional as well as for the balanced growth path level of
ideas.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, economic growth, innovation, knowledge spillover
JEL Classi cation Number: M13, O31, R5