Produçao do BMW serie 5

Veja neste vídeo de 2:51 minutos o processo da fabricação do BMW serie 5
BMW 5 Series Production Process - Factory line
See how the BMW 5 Series is being built
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A fábrica transparente de carros

Volkswagen's transparent car factory.
Video de 6:42 minutos sobre a nova fábrica de Volskwagen em Dresden.
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Os três maiores mitos sobre a Grande Depressão

Vídeo clip educativo de 2 minuts, legendado em Português sobre
Os três maiores mitos sobre a Grande Depressão e o New Deal
O historiador Stephen Davies esclarecer três mitos persistentes sobre a Grande Depressão.
Mito 1: Herbert Hoover foi um presidente adepto do laissez-faire, e foi a sua falta de ação que levou ao colapso econômico. Davies argumenta que na verdade, Hoover foi um presidente muito intervencionista, e foi sua intervenção na economia que fez as coisas ficarem piores.
Mito 2: O New Deal encerrou a Grande Depressão. Davies argumenta que o New Deal fez as coisas ficarem ainda piores. Em outros países, a Grande Depressão acabou muito mais cedo e rápido que nos Estados Unidos.
Mito 3: A segunda guerra mundial acabou com a Grande Depressão. Davies explica que a produção militar não é riqueza de verdade; guerras destroem riqueza, elas não criam riqueza. Na verdade, o exame dos dados históricos revelam que a economia americana não começou a se recuperar até o final da segunda guerra mundial.

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Entenda a taxa de juros

Vídeo clip educativo da VEJA
Como funcionam os juros

Previdência brasileira

‘Economist’: previdência no Brasil é das mais generosas do mundo

22 de março de 2012 | 17h00

Sílvio Guedes Crespo

Atualizado às 18h03
O sistema previdenciário do Brasil está “entre os mais generosos do mundo”, na opinião da revista “The Economist“.
Segundo dados divulgados no semanário, no Brasil existem apenas 10 pessoas com mais de 65 anos para cada 100 indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 64. Ou seja, é um país jovem, comparado, por exemplo, com a França, onde há quase 30 idosos para cada 100 adultos não idosos.
No entanto, o Estado brasileiro gasta o mesmo que o francês com aposentadorias e pensões, em proporção do PIB (produto interno bruto). Ambos destinam pouco mais de 10% da sua produção ao pagamento desses benefícios.
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Modelos macroeconômicos em debate

Robert Higgs explica: “The Current Models Have Nothing to Say”

By Robert Higgs | Thursday March 22, 2012

In the 2011 annual report of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas’s Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, we find a report on the 10^th annual Advances in Econometrics Conference, sponsored jointly by the institute and the department of economics at Southern Methodist University. This conference focused on dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium (DSGE) modeling.
As the report notes,

DSGE models have become an essential part of economists’ empirical toolkit in recent years. These models have their origins in the seminal contributions of Kydland and Prescott (1982) and Long and Plosser (1983), which revolutionized empirical econometrics. . . . Subsequent work by Christiano, Eichenbaum and Evans (2005) and Smets and Wouters (2007) laid the foundations for these models to become the workhorse frameworks for policy analysis in most central banks.

After describing the papers presented at the conference, the report concludes:

The conference confirmed that New Keynesian DSGE models are useful tools for understanding business fluctuations in closed and open economies and also for thinking about important monetary policy questions. However, the current models have nothing to say about how the financial system impacts the real economy; given the events of the past few years, that must now be a top priority for research. Also, to date, there have been relatively few attempts to develop open-economy versions of these models . . . . With globalization defining the environment in which monetary policy is now made, models that take seriously international trade and financial linkages will be crucial to the policy process. (emphasis added).

For mainstream economists, reports of this sort are commonplace. They nod in agreement: yes, we’ve got some fine models, but much work remains to be done to develop them and, perhaps someday, to make them applicable to economic reality. No rush, though. We need only keep the grant money flowing to the researchers and their institutions.
People outside this protected enclave of idiot savants, however, might well be astonished to learn that “the workhorse frameworks for policy analysis in most central banks . . . have nothing to say about how the financial system impacts the real economy” and in most versions are inapplicable to the analysis of events in a globalized economy.
Some readers may recall how, a few years ago, the recently announced Nobel laureates in economics, having been asked by journalists for their views on various pressing issues related to the current economic crisis, seemed to be struck dumb by the questions. They really had nothing to say, because their work as economists pertains to building models that make no genuine contact with economic reality. Such has been the ultimate result of the methodological revolution that began in economics between the world wars and swept the field in the 1950s, transforming mainstream economics, especially macroeconomics, from a serious effort to understand economic reality to an extended exercise in mathematical diddling with only a nominal connection to economic reality.
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Pior da crise já passou, diz BCE

Presidente do BCE avalia que o pior da crise já passou

Berlim, 22 mar (EFE).- Em entrevista publicada nesta quinta-feira pelo diário alemão "Bild", o presidente do Banco Central Europeu (BCE), Mario Draghi, se mostrou convencido de que o pior da crise do euro já passou, embora admita que ainda há alguns riscos.
"A situação estabiliza-se. Os dados básicos da zona do euro, como inflação, balança em conta corrente e, sobretudo, os déficits públicos, são melhores que, por exemplo, os dos Estados Unidos", avaliou Draghi.
Segundo o economista, a confiança dos investidores retornou e há várias semanas o BCE não precisa intervir comprando títulos de dívida soberana.
"Agora é a vez dos Governos, que têm de tornar a eurozona resistente a crises a longo prazo", indicou.
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Dinâmica Macroeconômica - Recursos para a teoria keynesiana

Data Shows:
Modelo básico de Keynes
Moeda no modelo básico de Keynes 

Apostilas
Keynes e os clássicos
Política macroeconômica keynesiana
Variáveis e identidades macroeconômicas

Crescimento econômico 2011 na América Latina

O peso da dívida pública

A recent study from the World Competitiveness Center of Swiss business school IMD suggests that the largest "old" industrialized nations will suffer a "debt curse" lasting decades – in the worst case lasting until 2084. The IMD defines "bearable" public debt as being 60% or less of GDP and estimates the "time horizons" in which the nations will revert to bearable public debt, assuming they gradually reduce their budget deficits to reach equilibrium by 2015 and devote 1% of their GDP to repayment of debt. It also assumes that as of 2015 each nation resumes a GDP growth rate equivalent to its average rate from 2000 to 2009.

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The 10 nations with longest time horizons are: • Japan: 2084                      • Italy: 2060 • Portugal: 2037   • Belgium: 2035 • U.S: 2033 • Iceland: 2032 • Greece: 2031 • France: 2029 • Germany: 2028 • U.K: 2028

Of those, Japan, Italy and Belgium's creditors are mainly domestic institutions. However, Greece and Portugal have a higher percent of their debt in the hands of foreign creditors, which is seen by analysts as being more difficult to sustain. In addition those two countries, along with Spain, have a "credibility problem," according to the IMD, because on top of the debt crisis they lack the means to adequately repay it (i.e., growth rate, current account balance, investments abroad, etc.). 

Read more: http://www.gfmag.com/tools/global-database/economic-data/10394-public-debt-by-country.html#ixzz1plBJeiho
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Share Alike
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Aula Inaugural NPPCS

Custo Internet Brasil

Pacote de acesso à internet móvel no Brasil custa mais que em outros países

20 de março de 2012 • 17h34Por: Welington Vital de Oliveira

SÃO PAULO - O Brasil tem o preço do pacote de dados para acesso à internet móvel mais caro do que em outros países, revela o balanço realizado pela Huawei, companhia de telecomunicações, em parceria com a consultoria Teleco.
O preço médio do pacote de dados de 500MB (megabytes) custa, em média, R$ 56,20 no Brasil, enquanto que o pacote, com 12MB a mais, custa menos da metade (R$ 21,03) na Venezuela.
Na comparação com países da Europa, o preço do pacote de dados com 2GB (gigabytes) custa, em média, R$ 84,90 no Brasil, cerca de 92,6% a mais que o preço praticado no Reino Unido (R$ 44,06), por exemplo.
Segundo a pesquisa, a carga tributária e o câmbio prejudicam o Brasil na comparação.
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Teoria monetária - novas abordagens

« Hayek’s Capital Theory Re-Constructed in Mathematical Model Form

VIDEO: Nicolai Foss on Hayek & Austrian Capital Theory » 
Stephen Williamson’s “New Monetarism” = F. A. Hayek’s Monetary Economics in a New Bottle with a New Label

By Greg Ransom, on March 18th, 2012

Let’s compare Stephen Williamson’s account of “New Monetarism” with Hayek’s account of the expansion and contraction of the supply of various types of monies, near monies, shadow monies, and money-substitute assets of changing liquidity.
Here’s Williamson:

A New Monetarist thinks that, under current circumstances (a large stock of excess reserves, and the interest rate on reserves – IROR – determining short nominal rates) the inflation rate is determined by the demand for and supply of the whole gamut of intermediated liquid assets – including Treasury debt of all maturities and asset-backed securities.

Here’s Hayek:

“There can be no doubt that besides the regular types of the circulating medium, such as coin, notes and bank deposits, which are generally recognised to be money or currency, and the quantity of which is regulated by some central authority or can at least be imagined to be so regulated, there exist still other forms of media of exchange which occasionally or permanently do the service of money. Now while for certain practical purposes we are accustomed to distinguish these forms of media of exchange from money proper as being mere substitutes for money, it is clear that, other things equal, any increase or decrease of these money substitutes will have exactly the same effects as an increase or decrease of the quantity of money proper, and should therefore, for the purposes of theoretical analysis, be counted as money … “

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Veja também:
George Selgin
Ben Bernanke

Impostos Brasil

Toyota Camry: Brasil contra Mexico

Conferência da Escola Austríaca no Brasil em São Paulo

O Instituto Ludwig von Mises Brasil promove a 3ª edição da conferência de Escola Austríaca no Brasil, que vem ocorrendo anualmente desde 2010.
Após dois anos de sucesso, a Conferência se consolida como o maior e mais importante evento da Escola Austríaca do país, sempre contando com seus maiores representantes internacionais e nacionais.
Confira os palestrantes e os outros detalhes e garanta já o seu lugar. As vagas são limitadas.
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12 e 13 de Maio em São Paulo

Dívida americana 2008-2012

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As riquezas do Brasil

Curse or Blessing? 

Brazil has been a natural resource treasure since its beginning. European settlers to South America found its northeastern territory abundant with trees, called brasilwood, that yielded a vibrant red dye. The area became known as "terra de brasil," which later gave the country its name.

Natural riches have since propelled this nation of 200 million people to the top tiers of global markets. Brazil's economy has ascended the ranks of the world's largest, from 16th in 1980 to 6th today. How the country manages its vast reserves will determine whether these resources are an economic blessing, or a curse, Bloomberg's Matthew Bristow and Juan Pablo Spinetto write in this Special Report.
Slide Show

Protecionismo brasileiro

Mantega promete mais barreiras a produtos importados

Segundo reportagem publicada pela Folha, ministro, bastante criticado pela OMC, já estuda barreiras comerciais para proteger indústria.

 São Paulo – O ministro Guido Mantega (Fazenda) já estuda novas barreiras comerciais para defender o mercado brasileiro da concorrência de produtos importados, segundo reportagem publicada neste domingo pela Folha de S.Paulo. Para o ministro, há determinados setores que sofrem com concorrência desleal, subfaturamento e câmbio manipulado. O setor têxtil está entre os que devem ser protegidos.

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Produtividade europeia

Why Europe's Long Vacations May Make Economic Sense

By SONIA VAN GILDER COOKE

"... Greeks toil for an average of 2,017 hours per year -- more than any other European country -- and take two weeks of vacation per year, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Germans, by contrast, work only 1,408 hours per year -- ranking them 24th out of 25 European countries. Yet Greece is an economic basket case with unemployment at over 20%, while Germany is the miracle powerhouse of Europe, humming along with only 6.8% unemployment -- the lowest since reunification.

Part of the reason for this is productivity...
In the U.S., however, it's a different story. The average American worker earns 14 days off per year, but only takes 12 of them, according to a 2011 survey by Expedia. About a quarter of Americans don't have any vacation time at all..."
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